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Factors influencing total carbon dioxide concentrations in plasma …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24574021/#:~:text=Horse%20racing%20authorities%20impose%20a%20limit%20on%20the,mM%2C%20as%20measured%20by%20an%20electrochemical%20gas%20analyzer.
Factors influencing total carbon dioxide concentrations in …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24574021/
Horse racing authorities impose a limit on the concentration of plasma 'total carbon dioxide' (TCO2), typically 36 mM with action taken above 37 mM, as measured by an electrochemical gas analyzer. It is of interest to understand the distribution of TCO2 in a 'normal' population of racehorses and determine probabilities of members of this population exceeding these current …
Total Carbon Dioxide in Adult Standardbred and …
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080621003609
The TCO2 (total carbon dioxide) test is performed on the blood of racehorses as a means of combatting the practice of administering alkalizing agents for …
Total CO2 measurements in horses: Where to draw the line
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251134191_Total_CO2_measurements_in_horses_Where_to_draw_the_line
Horse racing authorities impose a limit on the concentration of plasma 'total carbon dioxide' (TCO2), typically 36 mM with action taken above 37 mM, …
carbon dioxide – Tuesday's Horse - WordPress.com
https://tuesdayshorse.wordpress.com/tag/carbon-dioxide/
carbon dioxide – Tuesday's Horse Tag: carbon dioxide Horse doper O’Neill gladly takes 40 days off from racing Jul 17, 2012 Tuesday's Horse 13 Comments Even though experts say that drugging racehorses is killing horse racing (along with hundreds of horses), the industry continues to pander to the criminal element among its "celebrated" trainers.
Drug Use - Horse Racing Kills
https://horseracingkills.com/issues/drug-use/
A bicarb (TCO2) stomach drench is popular with many trainers as it has been found that bicarb helps buffer lactic acid. As bicarb is naturally produced, it cannot be banned entirely. Instead, there is a threshold level of 36 millimoles a litre plasma total carbon dioxide. Any reading over that constitutes an offence. Blue Magic
The Equine Respiratory System – The Horse
https://thehorse.com/154185/the-equine-respiratory-system/
The respiratory tract of the horse, which moves extremely large volumes of air in and out of the lungs, is a highly specialized organ system that serves one primary function: to exchange oxygen for...
Equine Digestive Supplements - Equi-Force
https://www.equiforce.com/bicarbonate-loading-horses/
Individual variation can make detection of bicarbonate loading quite difficult, as some horses may naturally have a higher concentration of bicarbonate and carbon dioxide at any given time. However, any horse that tests at or above these levels is considered to have been administered or injected with sodium bicarbonate or some other alkalising substances to …
Racing and Global Warming | HowStuffWorks
https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/nascar-environment1.htm
Each gallon burned emits about 20 pounds (9 kilograms) of carbon dioxide, so that's about 120,000 pounds (54,431 kilograms) of CO 2 for a race weekend [source: FuelEconomy ]. Multiply that by roughly 35 races per year, and NASCAR's annual carbon footprint is in the area of 4 million pounds (1.8 million kilograms). Yes, that's a lot.
What is the carbon footprint of a horse compared to an …
https://horses.extension.org/what-is-the-carbon-footprint-of-a-horse-compared-to-an-automobile/
The horse has a single stomach which can only deal with easily digestible carbohydrates in grasses. Horses are selective grazers and will not eat the tougher grasses because they cannot digest them. Horses simply produce less methane in their digestive system. So the horse’s carbon footprint is considerably smaller than an automobile’s.
Effects of warming-up, racing and sodium bicarbonate in …
https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04943.x
Twelve Standardbred horses currently racing at a parimutuel race track were administered either NaHC03 or a water control treatment. Horses performed 2 exercise bouts and one simulated race. Blood pH, bicarbonate ions (HCO;), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO,), base excess (BE), sodium (Na'), calcium
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